Neonatology has made astounding technological, pharmacologic, and intervention changes over the last 4 decades, resulting in the survival of earlier-born and sicker infants worldwide. However, the prevalence of major sensory and more subtle cognitive, communication, motor, and neurodevelopmental sequelae, both short and long term, have not shown similar levels of progress, especially in the very-low-birth weight and extremely low-birth weight categories.
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